初中英语复习重点单词整理

(1) 2024-09-28 08:12

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初中英语复习重点单词整理,希望能够帮助你!!!。

中考复习 单词 (七上-九下)

A

able adj. 有能力的

句型:be able to do(可以变换时态,不能跟can共用)

变形:unable adj. 没有能力的 disabled adj. 残疾的

ability n. 能力 disability n. 残疾,缺陷

above prep. 在……的上面,表示楼层上方

I live above you. 我住在你家楼上。

也可以表示温度上的超过 above zero

反义词:below

辨析:over 正上方 on 在上面(接触)

abroad adv. 国外 go abroad 去国外 be abroad 在国外

absent adj. 缺席的

短语:be absent from 缺席……

变形:absence n. 缺席

accept vt. 接受

辨析:receive vt. 收到

accident n. 事故

短语:car accidents 交通事故 do sth. by accident 碰巧做某事

according to 根据(to是介词)

according to sth./doing sth.

achieve vt. 获得

短语:achieve a balance between A and B 在A和B之间获得一个平衡

变形:achievement n. 成就(可数)

act vi. 行动

变形:action n. 行动 active adj. 活跃的 inactive adj. 不活跃的

actively adv. 活跃地 inactively adv. 不活跃地

vt. 表演

变形:actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员

action n. 行动

短语:take action to do 采取行动做某事

变形:act v. 行动 act to do

active adj. 活跃的,积极的

变形:actively inactive inactively activity

admire vt. 敬佩,仰慕

admire sb. for sth. 因……敬佩某人

advantage n. 优势(可数)

变形:disadvantage n. 劣势

advise vt. 建议 advise sb. to do sth.

变形:advice n. 建议(不可数) some advice on sth.

辨析:suggest vt. 建议 suggest doing

suggestion n. 建议(可数)

afford vt. 承担得起,买得起

短语:afford sth. 买得起某物 afford to do sth. 做得起某事

一般与can’t或couldn’t连用

against prep. 反对,靠着

短语:do sth. against the law 做违反法律的事情 stand against the wall 靠墙站着

be against doing sth. 反对做某事

age n. 年龄

at the age of 12 在12岁(注意12后面就不能再加years old)

表达年龄的方式:in one’s twenties/thirties....

at the age of +数字

when sb. be XX years old

agree vi. 同意

短语:agree to do 同意做某事 agree with sb. 赞同某人

agree on sth. 在……达成一致

变形:agreement n. 一致 agree= be in agreement

alive adj. 活着的(表语形容词,只能放系动词后)

辨析:lively adj. 活泼的,生动的 变形:livelier liveliest

live adj. & adv. 现场的 live show be covered live

living n. 生存,生活 make a living

all的短语总结:

all over 遍及 all day long 一整天 all year round 一整年

all the time 一直 at all times 总是 all right 好吧

above all 首要的是 first of all 首先 after all 毕竟

allow vt. 允许

短语:allow sb. to do sth. (注意被动:sb. be allowed to do 被允许做某事)

already adv. 已经 (现在完成时)

辨析:yet already用于肯定句,置于have和done中间或者句末

yet用于否定句或者疑问句,置于句末

amazing adj. 令人吃惊的

变形:amazed adj. 感到吃惊的 amazement n. 吃惊

ancient adj. 古代的

another pron. 另一个,表泛指 another + 可数名词单数

考点:another + 数字=数字+more 表示再来XX个

辨析:other 泛指,其他的,加名词复数或者不可数名词

others 泛指,指其他的东西或者别人,本身表示复数,后面不能加任何词

the other 特指两个中的另一个,或后面加名词复数表示一个范围内剩下的所有。

the others 特指一个范围内剩下的所有,后面不能再加名词,本身表复数。

如:I don’t like this pair of shoes, can you show me another pair?

Some people like playing basketball, while other people like playing football.

Some people like playing basketball, while others like playing football.

Where are the other students? (注意有了one’s就不能加the,如:It’s in my other hand.)

There are 20 teachers in our grade. 8 of them are men teachers, while the others are women teachers.

anything 任何事 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anywhere 任何地方

复合不定代词:1) 看做三单 2) 形容词放在后面

3) 可以把else放在后面表示其他……

用于肯定句表示任何:Anyone can borrow books from here. 任何人都可以从这儿借书。

I can go anywhere. 我可以去任何地方。

用于否定句和疑问句代词some: Is there anything wrong with your computer?

There isn’t anything wrong with your computer.

= There is nothing wrong with your computer.

appear vi. 出现(没有被动语态)

变形:disappear vi. 消失 appearance n. 出现,露面,外貌

arrive vi. 到达 arrive in + 大地点 arrive at +小地点

arrive here/there/home

同义短语:reach +地点 get to +地点 (get here/there/home)

区别:没有地点,只能用arrive I have arrived.

artist n. 艺术家

变形:art n. 艺术

-ist后缀:tourist 旅行家 pianist 钢琴家 dentist 牙医

as prep. 作为

短语:be famous as 作为……著名 Lu Xun is famous as a writer.

辨析:be famous for 因为……出名 Lu Xun is famous for his books.

conj. 随着……(引导时间状语从句)

As time goes by, he realizes his growth.

既然,由于(引导原因状语从句)

Come and play, as you are here.

短语和句型:

as a result 结果是 as....as.....和……一样……

not as ....as.... 不如……怎样 as...as possible 尽可能……

as good as 简直,和……一样 as well as 并且,和

as soon as 一……就……(时态规则主将从现,或者主过从过)

asleep adj. 睡着的

短语:fall asleep (对应延续性动词be asleep)

辨析:sleepy adj. 困倦的 feel sleepy

attend vt. 参加,出席

attend meetings attend school attend the lesson

辨析:join + 组织/人 加入 take part in +活动/比赛 参加

attention n. 注意力

短语:pay attention to (to是介词,后加sth.或者doing sth.)

catch/attract one’s attention 引起某人的注意

bring sb. to the attention of 使……引起了……的注意

attract vt. 吸引

变形:attractive adj. 有吸引力的 attraction n. 吸引力,景点

辨析:attack vt. 攻击

Australia n. 澳大利亚

变形:Australian adj. 澳大利亚的 n. 澳大利亚人

avoid vt. 避免 avoid doing

awake adj. 醒着的

变形:wake vt. 叫醒 wake-woke-woken

B

base vt. 以……为基础

短语:be based on 以……为基础

变形:basic adj. 基础的

be短语总结:

about: be crazy about be worried about be excited about be curious about

of: be tired of be proud of be tired of be afraid of be full of

be guilty of be aware of

with: be satisfied with be bored with be pleased with be happy with

be filled with

at: be surprised at be amazed at be good at

for: be late for

in: be interested in

be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be of one’s age 与……同龄的

because of 由于

辨析:because because of +名词短语 because +从句

beat vi. 跳动 beat-beat-beaten

vt. 打败 beat sb.

辨析:win win+比赛 赢得比赛 beat+人 打败人

before adv. 以前,过去(放在句末,现在完成时的标志词)

如:He has never been there before.

conj. 在……之前(引导时间状语从句:主将从现或主过从过)

如:I will finish homework before I watch TV.

I finished homework before I watched TV.

句型:It will be XX years before +从句 表达某件事情要达成还需要多长时间

如:It will be 5 years before the subway is in use in Changzhou.

prep. 在……之前 before doing

如:You must finish homework before watching TV.

beginning n. 开始,起初

in the beginning=at first 一开始 at the beginning of 在……的开始

below prep. 在……的下面,表示楼层下方

I live above you. 我住在你家楼下。

也可以表示温度上的低于 blow zero

反义词:above

辨析:under 正下方

best adj. 最好的 the best place/time to do

adv. 最 like....best 最喜欢

be best known 最为人所知……

all the best

beyond prep. 超出……范围

短语:beyond my control beyond my ability beyond the visiting hour

go far beyond 远远超过

辨析:over表示数量,年龄上的超过 above是温度上的超过

bleed vi. 流血 bleed-bled-bled

短语:bleed to death 流血致死

变形:blood n. 血液(不可数名词)

bored adj. 感到无聊的 be bored with 对……厌烦了

变形:boring adj. 乏味的,令人无聊的 bore vt. 使……无聊

born adj. 天生的

短语:a born artist

be born 出生 (一般用过去时)

borrow vt. 借来 borrow sth. from sb.

辨析:lend vt. 借给 lend sth. to sb.= lend sb. Sth.

both conj.&pron. 两个(都)

短语和句型:both + 复数:There are many trees on both sides of the road.

both+of: Both of the twins like flying kites.

both A and B: Both Tom and Jerry like flying kites.

辨析:all 三者及以上都 neither 两者都不 either 两者中任取一个

none 三者及以上都不

break vt. 打破

短语:break into 闯入(有被动) break down 坏了,抛锚(没有被动)

break out 爆发(没有被动)

变形:broken adj. 坏了的

breath n. 呼吸

短语:out of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath

变形:breathe vi. 呼吸 breathe heavily

British adj. 英国的 n. 英国人

变形:Britain n. 英国

but prep. 除了

句型:have no choice but to do 别无选择只能做……

not....but.... 不是……而是 He is not a teacher but a doctor.

注意:but/except/as well as/together with/with放在主语后,谓语动词要用就远原则

如:Nobody but the twins is going to Nanjing tomorrow.

by prep. 用(强调方式,后只能加名词单数) by car by e-mail

prep. 在……旁边 by the river

prep. 被,由 be made by an article by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的文章

prep. 到……为止 by +将来时间点 (一般将来时)

By+过去时间点 (过去完成时)

adv. 经过 pass by 经过

短语:by the way 顺便问一下 by oneself 独自 by accident 碰巧

C

call vt. 称呼 call sb. sth.

What do you call him? (疑问词不能用how) a boy called Tom 一个叫Tom的男孩

vt. 打电话 call sb. back 给某人回电话

n. 电话 give you a call 给你打一个电话

calm adj. 平静的 keep calm

n. 平静

v. 平静 calm down 平静下来

变形:calmly adv. 平静地

cancel vt. 取消,终止(注意过去式和分词要双写l+ed)

capital n. 首都

the capital of ...

care vi. 关心,关注 care about 关心,在意 care for 照顾

n. 关心 take care of 照顾

词性转换:careful adj. 小心的,认真的 carefully adv. 认真地,仔细地

careless adj. 粗心的 carelessly adv. 粗心地 carelessness n. 粗心

carry短语:

carry on 继续开展,继续下去 carry out 开展,执行

cause n. 原因

短语:the cause of=the reason for ……的原因/起因

vt. 引起,导致=lead to

centre n. 中央 in the centre of

变形:central adj. 中央的

certain adj. 确定的

句型:It is certain that....

变形:certainly uncertain uncertainly

challenge n. 挑战(可数)

变形:challenging adj. 有挑战性的

change vt. 改变

句型:change a lot 改变很多:Changzhou has changed a lot over the years.

n. 改变(可数) changes in numbers 数量上的变化

n. 零钱(不可数) Here’s your change.

cheer vi. 欢呼

短语:cheer for 为……加油 cheer up 使……振奋

变形:cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的

choose vt. 选择 choose to do 选择做某事

choose sb. as 选择某人担当……

变形:choose-chose-chosen

名词 choice 选择(可数) have no choice but to do别无选择只能做某事

close vt. 关闭 变形:closed adj. 关着的

adj. 近的,亲密的 be close to take a close look at

变形:close adv. 近的(形象的) sit close to

closely adv. 密切地,亲密地(抽象的) work closely

collect vt. 收集,搜集

变形:collection n. 收集物

come on 得了吧,快点,加油(表鼓励,催促等语气)

come其他短语总结:come up with 想出,提起 come down 崩塌

come out 出版

变形:coming adj. 即将到来的

comfortable adj. 舒服的

变形:uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒服地

common adj. 普通的,平常的

辨析:normal adj. 正常的

compare vt. 比较

短语:compare A to B 把A比作B compare A with B 把A与B做比较

句型:Compared with A, B ..... 与A相比,B……

complain vi. 抱怨

短语:complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事

变形:complaint n. 抱怨,投诉 complaint letter 投诉信

complete vt. 完成 complete doing

adj. 完全的,彻底的

变形:incomplete 不完全的 completely adv. 完全地,彻底地

communicate vt. 交流,交际 communicate with sb. 与某人交流

变形:communication n. 交流,交际

community n. 社区,小区

competition n. 竞赛,比赛,竞争

confident adj. 有信心的

变形:confidence n. 信心

connect vt. 连接

短语:connect sth. to/with sth. 把……连接到……/把……与……连接起来

动词填空注意谓语非谓语,主动与被动:

The computer is connected to the Internet. (谓语被动)

The railway connects Shanghai to Nanjing. (谓语主动)

The railway connecting Shanghai to Nanjing has been in use. (非谓语主动)

The computer connected to the Internet is Jim’s. (非谓语被动)

consider vt. 考虑

短语:consider sb. as .... 认为某人是(注意被动 sb. be considered as ....)

consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

continue vt. 继续

continue to do 继续做另一件事 continue doing 继续做刚中断的事情

control n. 控制

短语:out of control 失控 beyond my control 超出我的控制

vt. 控制 (注意过去式,过去分词,现在分词要双写尾字母)

conversation n. 谈话

correct adj. 正确的

变形:correctly incorrect incorrectly

cost vt. 花费

辨析:take 句型:sth./Doing sth. take sb. some time. It take sb. some time to do sth.

(主语必须是事情或者物,只能花时间)

spend 句型 sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth.

sb. spend some time/money on sth.

(主语必须是人,既能花钱又能花时间)

cost 句型:sth./Doing sth. take sb. some money. It cost sb. some money to do sth.

(主语必须是事情或者物,只能花钱)

pay 句型:sb. pay some money for sth.

(主语必须是人,只能花钱)

n. 费用,成本 the cost of ……的费用

could 情态动词

表示能力,是can的过去时:I could swim at the age of 12.

表示请求,是委婉语气,不是过去时:Could you tell me +宾语从句(从句时态不降级)

表猜测,可能性小:It could be Mr. Green.

couple n. 几个,一对,夫妻

短语:a couple of + 可数名词复数

注意:couple做主语表示一对夫妻,谓语动词不用三单。

如:The couple are doing housework now.

courage n. 勇气(不可数名词)

变形:encourage vt. 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth.

cover n. 封面,盖子

vt. 覆盖 cover .... with be covered in/with

vt. 报道 cover...live 现场直播 be covered live

vt. 包含,涉及

create vt. 创造

变形:creative adj. 有创造力的 creation n. 创造物

cross vt. 穿过,从表面横穿过

cross=go across

变形:crossing n. 十字路口

crowded adj. 拥挤的 more and more crowded

变形:crowd vi. 拥挤 n. 人群 the crowd

cut vt. 剪下,切下 cut-cut-cut

短语:cut down 砍树 cut out 剪下 cut into 切成…… cut in 打断,插嘴

cut...short 缩短

D

daily adj. 日常的 daily life 日常生活

同类单词:weekly yearly monthly

danger n. 危险

短语:in danger 陷入危险 out of danger 脱离危险

变形:dangerous adj. 危险的

deal n. 很多

短语:a great deal of 大量的,只能加不可数名词

辨析:a great number of 大量的,只能加可数名词

vi. 处理

短语:deal with 处理

句型:how to deal with sth.=what to do with sth.

decide vt. 决定

短语:decide to do 决定做某事

变形:decision n. 决定(可数)

deep adj. 深的

adv. 深地(形象的,看得出的深) walk deep into the city

辨析:deeply adv. 深深地(程度上的) influence sb. Deeply

depend on 依靠,取决于(注意没有被动语态)

如:The result depends on your attitude.

句型:It depends. 看吧,待决定。

如:-Will you come tonight.

-It depends. If he comes, I will come to.

辨析:It’s up to you. 取决于你。

-Will you come tonight.

-It’s up to you. If you come, I will come to.

develop vt. 发展,形成

短语:develop a habit

变形:developed adj. 发达的 less developed countries

developing adj. 发展中的 developing countries

development n. 发展

devote vt. 把……贡献于

句型:devote ... to sth./doing sth. 把……贡献于……

devote oneself to doing 致力于做某事

dictionary n. 字典

短语:look up the word in the dictionary 在字典里查这个单词

die vi. 死

短语:die of 死于(疾病) die from 死于(天灾人祸)

延续性状态 be dead

变形:dead adj. death n. dying adj. 奄奄一息的

different adj. 不同的

句型:be different from 与……不同

变形:differently adv. 不同地 difference n. 不同点(可数)

difference句型:make a difference to 对……有影响,有作用

difficulty n. 困难

句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

have difficulty/trouble/problems with sth. 在……方面有困难。

注意感叹句:What difficulty I have doing

变形:difficult adj. 困难的

direct adj. 直接的 take a direct flight

变形:indirect adj. 间接的 directly adv. 直接地

vt. 执导

变形:director 导演

discover vt. 发现,发觉

辨析:find 找到(已知的已存在的) find out 查明事情真相

discover 发现(未知的已存在的东西) invent 发明(不存在的东西)

如:find my way find out the murderer

discover electricity invent the lights

变形:discovery n. 发现(可数)

discuss vt. 讨论

discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事

变形:discussion n. 讨论

divide vt. 分,分开

短语:divide....into.... 把……分成 (注意被动 sth. be divided into....)

变形:dividing line 分界线

doubt vt. 怀疑

句型:I doubt + 疑问句式的宾语从句。

I never doubt + that从句

There is no doubt + that从句

dream n. 梦

v. 做梦

短语:dream of/about 梦想

dress vi.&vt. 穿着,穿衣

短语:dress up 乔装打扮 dress up as a ghost

dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 sb. be dressed in + 衣服 某人穿着……(衣服)

辨析:dress + 人

wear + 衣服= be dressed in=be in 表示穿着

put on +衣服 表示穿上,一般用于祈使句:Put on your coat. It is cold outside.

in+衣服 穿着,表示状态 You look nice in blue.= Blue looks nice on you.

drive vt. 驾驶 drive sb. to sp. 开车送某人去某地

vt. 驱使 drive sb. mad 把某人逼疯(注意被动 sb. be driven mad)

dry adj. 干的

vt. 弄干

变形:dried adj. dried food 干粮

during prep. 在……期间

during one’s stay at/in sp. 在某人待在某地期间 during my stay there

during the past/last few years 近几年来(现在完成时标志词)

辨析:while 在……期间 while+从句 during+名词短语

while I stayed there=during my stay there

E

each pron. 每个,每件

用法:each + 名词单数(作主语看作三单):Each student has a notebook.

each of + the 名词复数(作主语看作三单):Each of the students has a notebook.

放在主语后,做同位语(不作三单):The students each have a notebook.

辨析:every

区别:1) every 不能放of前,但可以用every one of

2) every一定要表示范围在三者及以上中的每一个,而each可以表示两者中的每一个

There are many trees on each side of the road. (不能用every)

3) each强调个体,every强调整体。

Each of the students __________ hard on ___________ lessons.

A. works; their B. works; his C. work; their D. work; his

education n. 教育

短语:basic education基础教育 further education 深造

effort n. 努力(可数)

精力(不可数)句型:put one’s effort into doing 竭尽全力做某事

either pron. 两者中任意一个

either + 名词单数:either side of the road

either of: Either of the twins is going to Nanjing. (谓语用三单)

conj. Either....or.....(谓语动词就近原则)

adv. 也不(用于否定句)I can’t swim. He can’t either.

electronic adj. 电子的

else adv. 另外,其他

用法:1) 放在疑问词后面:what else 还有什么 who else 还有谁

2) 放在复合不定代词前:something else 还有别的什么 nothing else 没有别的

考点:其他某人的 someone else’s

辨析:other 其他的 other + 名词复数 else 后面不能加名词复数

empty adj. 空的

end n. 结尾

in the end=at last=finally at the end of .... 在……的结尾

vi. 结束 (延续性动词为be over)

变形:endless adj. 无止境的

energy n. 精力(不可数)

变形:energetic adj. 精力充沛的

enough adv. 足够的

短语:enough + n. adj. + enough (只能用原级)

句型:enough + n./adj. + enough + to do

相关句型:too....to.....太……而不能

So...that...../such.....that..... 如此……以至于……

enter vt. 进入

考点:enter和into不能共用 enter the room=go into the room

environment n. 环境

especially adv. 尤其

辨析:specially adv. 专门

Europe n. 欧洲

变形:European n. 欧洲人 (考点:a European)

everybody 每个人 everyone 每个人 everything 每个东西,每件事情

everywhere 到处

复合不定代词:1) 看做三单 2) 形容词放在后面

3) 可以把else放在后面表示其他……

强调所有,缺一不可:Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。

I don’t think everyone can answer it. 我不认为所有人都会做。(部分否定)

Is everyone here? 大家都到了吗?

exactly adv. 确切地,精确地

What do you mean exactly?

adv. 正是如此

---Is the man under the tree your father? ---Exactly.

excellent adj. 杰出的,出色的

excited adj. 感到激动的

短语:be excited about

辨析:exciting adj. 令人激动的 excitedly adv. 激动地

注意:voice, look, feeling这样的名词虽然不是人,但也是表达人自身的情感,要用excited修饰。

如:There is an excited look on his face.

expect vt. 期待

except sb. to do sth.

辨析:look forward to doing sth.

experience n. 经历(可数) 经验(不可数)

a teacher with full experience an awful experience

explain vt. 解释

explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事

explore vt. 探索

变形:explorer n. 探索者

express vt. 表达

变形:expression n. 表情,表达

extra adj. 额外的

F

fail vi. & vt. 失败

fail to do 做某事失败

变形:failure n. 失败

fall vi. 掉落

fall over 摔倒 fall down 掉下来 fall off/fall from + 地点 从……掉下来

fall asleep 睡着 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall behind 落后

变形:fall-fell-fallen

famous adj. 出名的,著名的

短语:be famous for 因……出名 be famous as 作为……出名

fear n. 害怕,恐惧 in fear

介词+名词相当于副词:with joy with excitement

feel lv. & vt. 感觉到

短语:feel well 身体好 feel sleepy 感到困倦

变形:feeling

few pron. 不多的,少数的

用法:后面加可数名词复数 few表示几乎没有 a few表示还有一些

辨析:little 表示几乎没有,后加不可数名词

a little 表示有些,加不可数名词; a little 也可以表示一个小,加可数名词单数

如:There is a little water in the cup. There is a little boy at the school gate.

a bit表示有点儿,加形容词或副词=a little bit

a bit of表示一点儿,加不可数名词

固定短语:very few/little only a few/a little 只有一点点

quite a few/a little 有相当多

fight vt. 打仗 fight-fought-fought

fight sb. fight for sth. 为……打架,抗争

n. 打仗 a snowball fight 打雪仗

变形:fighter n. 战斗者

fill vt. 装满

fill... with .... 用……装满……

be filled with= be full of 充满

final adj. 最后的 final appearance n. 决赛 in the final

变形:finally=in the end=at last

first adv. 首先

短语和句型:

do sth. first 先做某事 first do sth.=do sth. for the first time 第一次做某事

at first=in the beginning 起初 first of all=above all 首要的是

the first to do 第一个做某事

It is the first time that sb. have/has done sth. (从句要用现在完成时)

辨析:the + 序数词 表特指,事情已做过;a + 序数词表泛指,事情还没做过。

如:This is the second bike that I have bought. I want to buy a third one.

fit adj. 适合的 be fit for

vt. 合身 sth. fit sb. very well

辨析:fit指大小上合适 suit强调适合,指颜色,款式等 match是物与物是否搭配,或者人与人在某种能力上是否可匹敌

force vt. 逼迫

force sb. to do sth. (注意被动 sb. be forced to do)

foreign adj. 外国的 foreign languages 外语 foreign countries 外国

变形:foreigner n. 外国人

forget vt. 忘记

短语:forget to do 忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事

变形:forgetful adj. 健忘的

form vt. 形成 (注意被动语态)

n. 表格,形式 in the form of 以……的形式

free adj. 自由的,空闲的,免费的

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