Hi,大家好,我是编程小6,很荣幸遇见你,我把这些年在开发过程中遇到的问题或想法写出来,今天说一说Python3.6实现12306火车票自动抢票,希望能够帮助你!!!。
最近在学Python,所以用Python写了这个12306抢票脚本,分享出来,与大家共同交流和学习,有不对的地方,请大家多多指正。话不多说,进入正题:
在进入正题之前,我想说明一下,由于12306官网的改版更新,所以脚本作了一点小小的变化,具体修改后的源码,可以到GitHub上面查看……新版脚本源码
这个脚本目前只能刷一趟车的,人数可以是多个,支持选取作为类型等。
实现思路是splinter.browser模拟浏览器登陆和操作,由于12306的验证码不好自动识别,所以,验证码需要用户进行手动识别,并进行登陆操作,之后的事情,就交由脚本来操作就可以了,下面是我测试时候的一些截图:
第一步:如下图,首先输入抢票基本信息
第二步:然后进入登录页,需要手动输入验证码,并点击登陆操作
第三步:登陆后,自动进入到抢票页面,如下图这样的
最后:就是坐等刷票结果就好了,如下图这样,就说是刷票成功了,刷到票后,会进行短信和邮件的通知,请记得及时前往12306进行支付,不然就白抢了。
Python运行环境:python3.6
用到的模块:re、splinter、time、sys、httplib2、urllib、smtplib、email
未安装的模块,请使用pip instatll进行安装,例如:pip install splinter
如下代码是这个脚本所有用到的模块引入:
import re
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
import sys
import httplib2
from urllib import parse
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
刷票前信息准备,我主要说一下始发站和目的地的cookie值获取,因为输入城市的时候,需要通过cookie值,cookie值可以通过12306官网,然后在F12(相信所有的coder都知道这个吧)的network里面的查询请求cookie中可以看到,在请求的header里面可以找到,_jc_save_fromStation值是出发站的cookie,_jc_save_toStation的值是目的地的cookie,然后加入到代码里的城市的cookie字典city_list里即可,键是城市的首字母,值是cookie值的形式。
抢票,肯定需要先登录,我这里模拟的登录操作,会自动填充12306的账号名和密码,当然,你也可以在打开的浏览器中修改账号和密码,实现的关键代码如下:
def do_login(self):
"""登录功能实现,手动识别验证码进行登录"""
self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
sleep(1)
self.driver.fill('loginUserDTO.user_name', self.user_name)
self.driver.fill('userDTO.password', self.password)
print('请输入验证码……')
while True:
if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url:
sleep(1)
else:
break
登录之后,就是控制刷票的各种操作处理了,这里,我就不贴代码了,因为代码比较多,别担心,在最后,我会贴出完整的代码的。
当刷票成功后,我会进行短信和邮件的双重通知,当然,这里短信通知的平台,就看你用那个具体来修改代码了,我用的是互亿无线的体验版的免费短信通知接口;发送邮件模块我用的是smtplib,发送邮件服务器用的是163邮箱,如果用163邮箱的话,你还没有设置客户端授权密码,记得先设置客户端授权密码就好了,挺方便的。以下是主要实现代码:
def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info):
"""发送手机通知短信,用的是-互亿无线-的测试短信"""
host = "106.ihuyi.com"
sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
account = "C59782899"
pass_word = "19d4d9c0796532c7328e8b82e2812655"
params = parse.urlencode(
{'account': account, 'password': pass_word, 'content': sms_info, 'mobile': mobile, 'format': 'json'}
)
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
conn = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(host, port=80, timeout=30)
conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
response_str = response.read()
conn.close()
return response_str
def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content):
"""发送邮件通知"""
# 连接邮箱服务器信息
host = 'smtp.163.com'
port = 25
sender = 'xxxxxx@163.com' # 你的发件邮箱号码
pwd = '******' # 不是登陆密码,是客户端授权密码
# 发件信息
receiver = receiver_address
body = '<h2>温馨提醒:</h2><p>' + content + '</p>'
msg = MIMEText(body, 'html', _charset="utf-8")
msg['subject'] = '抢票成功通知!'
msg['from'] = sender
msg['to'] = receiver
s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
# 开始登陆邮箱,并发送邮件
s.login(sender, pwd)
s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
说了那么多,感觉都是说了好多废话啊,哈哈,不好意思,耽误大家时间来看我瞎扯了,我贴上大家最关心的源码,请接码,大家在尝试运行过程中,有任何问题,可以给我留言或者私信我,我看到都会及时回复大家的:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
""" 通过splinter刷12306火车票 可以自动填充账号密码,同时,在登录时,也可以修改账号密码 然后手动识别验证码,并登陆,接下来的事情,交由脚本来做了,静静的等待抢票结果就好(刷票过程中,浏览器不可关闭) author: cuizy time: 2018-05-30 """
import re
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
import sys
import httplib2
from urllib import parse
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
class BrushTicket(object):
"""买票类及实现方法"""
def __init__(self, user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email):
"""定义实例属性,初始化"""
# 1206账号密码
self.user_name = user_name
self.password = password
# 乘客姓名
self.passengers = passengers
# 起始站和终点站
self.from_station = from_station
self.to_station = to_station
# 乘车日期
self.from_time = from_time
# 车次编号
self.number = number.capitalize()
# 座位类型所在td位置
if seat_type == '商务座特等座':
seat_type_index = 1
seat_type_value = 9
elif seat_type == '一等座':
seat_type_index = 2
seat_type_value = 'M'
elif seat_type == '二等座':
seat_type_index = 3
seat_type_value = 0
elif seat_type == '高级软卧':
seat_type_index = 4
seat_type_value = 6
elif seat_type == '软卧':
seat_type_index = 5
seat_type_value = 4
elif seat_type == '动卧':
seat_type_index = 6
seat_type_value = 'F'
elif seat_type == '硬卧':
seat_type_index = 7
seat_type_value = 3
elif seat_type == '软座':
seat_type_index = 8
seat_type_value = 2
elif seat_type == '硬座':
seat_type_index = 9
seat_type_value = 1
elif seat_type == '无座':
seat_type_index = 10
seat_type_value = 1
elif seat_type == '其他':
seat_type_index = 11
seat_type_value = 1
else:
seat_type_index = 7
seat_type_value = 3
self.seat_type_index = seat_type_index
self.seat_type_value = seat_type_value
# 通知信息
self.receiver_mobile = receiver_mobile
self.receiver_email = receiver_email
# 主要页面网址
self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'
self.init_my_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306'
self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'
# 浏览器驱动信息,驱动下载页:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
self.driver_name = 'chrome'
self.executable_path = 'C:\\Users\cuizy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts\chromedriver.exe'
def do_login(self):
"""登录功能实现,手动识别验证码进行登录"""
self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
sleep(1)
self.driver.fill('loginUserDTO.user_name', self.user_name)
self.driver.fill('userDTO.password', self.password)
print('请输入验证码……')
while True:
if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url:
sleep(1)
else:
break
def start_brush(self):
"""买票功能实现"""
self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name, executable_path=self.executable_path)
# 浏览器窗口的大小
self.driver.driver.set_window_size(900, 700)
self.do_login()
self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
try:
print('开始刷票……')
# 加载车票查询信息
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.from_station})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.to_station})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.from_time})
self.driver.reload()
count = 0
while self.driver.url.split('?')[0] == self.ticket_url:
self.driver.find_by_text('查询').click()
sleep(1)
count += 1
print('第%d次点击查询……' % count)
try:
car_no_location = self.driver.find_by_id("queryLeftTable")[0].find_by_text(self.number)[1]
current_tr = car_no_location.find_by_xpath("./../../../../..")
if current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[self.seat_type_index].text == '--':
print('无此座位类型出售,已结束当前刷票,请重新开启!')
sys.exit(1)
elif current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[self.seat_type_index].text == '无':
print('无票,继续尝试……')
else:
# 有票,尝试预订
print('刷到票了(余票数:' + str(current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[self.seat_type_index].text) + '),开始尝试预订……')
current_tr.find_by_css('td.no-br>a')[0].click()
sleep(1)
key_value = 1
for p in self.passengers:
# 选择用户
print('开始选择用户……')
self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click()
# 选择座位类型
print('开始选择席别……')
if self.seat_type_value != 0:
seat_select = self.driver.find_by_id("seatType_" + str(key_value))[0]
seat_select.find_by_xpath("//option[@value='" + str(self.seat_type_value) + "']")[0].click()
key_value += 1
sleep(0.5)
if p[-1] == ')':
self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click()
print('正在提交订单……')
self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()
sleep(2)
# 查看放回结果是否正常
submit_false_info = self.driver.find_by_id('orderResultInfo_id')[0].text
if submit_false_info != '':
print(submit_false_info)
self.driver.find_by_id('qr_closeTranforDialog_id').click()
sleep(0.2)
self.driver.find_by_id('preStep_id').click()
sleep(0.3)
continue
print('正在确认订单……')
self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
print('预订成功,请及时前往支付……')
# 发送通知信息
self.send_mail(self.receiver_email, '恭喜您,抢到票了,请及时前往12306支付订单!')
self.send_sms(self.receiver_mobile, '您的验证码是:8888。请不要把验证码泄露给其他人。')
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info):
"""发送手机通知短信,用的是-互亿无线-的测试短信"""
host = "106.ihuyi.com"
sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
account = "C59782899"
pass_word = "19d4d9c0796532c7328e8b82e2812655"
params = parse.urlencode(
{'account': account, 'password': pass_word, 'content': sms_info, 'mobile': mobile, 'format': 'json'}
)
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
conn = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(host, port=80, timeout=30)
conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
response_str = response.read()
conn.close()
return response_str
def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content):
"""发送邮件通知"""
# 连接邮箱服务器信息
host = 'smtp.163.com'
port = 25
sender = '******@163.com' # 你的发件邮箱号码
pwd = '******' # 不是登陆密码,是客户端授权密码
# 发件信息
receiver = receiver_address
body = '<h2>温馨提醒:</h2><p>' + content + '</p>'
msg = MIMEText(body, 'html', _charset="utf-8")
msg['subject'] = '抢票成功通知!'
msg['from'] = sender
msg['to'] = receiver
s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
# 开始登陆邮箱,并发送邮件
s.login(sender, pwd)
s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 12306用户名
user_name = input('请输入12306用户名:')
while user_name == '':
user_name = input('12306用户名不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 12306登陆密码
password = input('请输入12306登陆密码:')
while password == '':
password = input('12306登陆密码不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 乘客姓名
passengers_input = input('请输入乘车人姓名,多人用英文逗号“,”连接,(例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”):')
passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
while passengers_input == '' or len(passengers) > 4:
print('乘车人最少1位,最多4位!')
passengers_input = input('请重新输入乘车人姓名,多人用英文逗号“,”连接,(例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”):')
passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
# 乘车日期
from_time = input('请输入乘车日期(例如“2018-08-08”):')
date_pattern = re.compile(r'^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$')
while from_time == '' or re.findall(date_pattern, from_time) == []:
from_time = input('乘车日期不能为空或者时间格式不正确,请重新输入:')
# 城市cookie字典
city_list = {
'bj': '%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP', # 北京
'hd': '%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP', # 邯郸
'nn': '%u5357%u5B81%2CNNZ', # 南宁
'wh': '%u6B66%u6C49%2CWHN', # 武汉
'cs': '%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ', # 长沙
'ty': '%u592A%u539F%2CTYV', # 太原
'yc': '%u8FD0%u57CE%2CYNV', # 运城
'gzn': '%u5E7F%u5DDE%u5357%2CIZQ', # 广州南
'wzn': '%u68A7%u5DDE%u5357%2CWBZ', # 梧州南
}
# 出发站
from_input = input('请输入出发站,只需要输入首字母就行(例如北京“bj”):')
while from_input not in city_list.keys():
from_input = input('出发站不能为空或不支持当前出发站(如有需要,请联系管理员!),请重新输入:')
from_station = city_list[from_input]
# 终点站
to_input = input('请输入终点站,只需要输入首字母就行(例如北京“bj”):')
while to_input not in city_list.keys():
to_input = input('终点站不能为空或不支持当前终点站(如有需要,请联系管理员!),请重新输入:')
to_station = city_list[to_input]
# 车次编号
number = input('请输入车次号(例如“G110”):')
while number == '':
number = input('车次号不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 座位类型
seat_type = input('请输入座位类型(例如“软卧”):')
while seat_type == '':
seat_type = input('座位类型不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 抢票成功,通知该手机号码
receiver_mobile = input('请预留一个手机号码,方便抢到票后进行通知(例如:18888888888):')
mobile_pattern = re.compile(r'^1{1}\d{10}$')
while receiver_mobile == '' or re.findall(mobile_pattern, receiver_mobile) == []:
receiver_mobile = input('预留手机号码不能为空或者格式不正确,请重新输入:')
receiver_email = input('请预留一个邮箱,方便抢到票后进行通知(例如:test@163.com):')
while receiver_email == '':
receiver_email = input('预留邮箱不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 开始抢票
ticket = BrushTicket(user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email)
ticket.start_brush()